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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 26
桌上放着一本书 A book is sitting on the table
Wang Yue tidies her room; Dr Lin drops by. Vocab: 桌子 / 椅子 / 房间 / 门 / 墙 (table, chair, room, door, wall). Introduces the existential sentence (二56): Locative + V + 着 + Noun, e.g. 桌上放着一本书 ("a book sits on the table").
บทสนทนา
你的房间真好 — Your room is really nice
- 高天 王月你好. 你的房间真好. Hi Wang Yue. Your room is really nice.
- 王月 谢谢高医生. 我刚从公园跳舞回来. 请坐. Thanks, Dr Gao. I just got back from dancing in the park. Please sit.
- 高天 桌上放着什么? 是一本书吗? What's on the table? A book?
- 王月 是. 桌上放着一本书. 我在看. Yes. There's a book on the table. I've been reading it.
- 高天 什么书? What book?
- 王月 一本中医的书. 你介绍的. A TCM book. The one you recommended.
บทสนทนา
墙上写着什么? — What's written on the wall?
- 高天 墙上写着字, 真漂亮. 是你写的吗? There are characters on the wall — beautiful. Did you write them?
- 王月 不是. 是我朋友送的. 上面写着"心安". No. A friend gave it to me. It says 'peace of mind'.
- 高天 "心安"——好字. 椅子也是新的吗? 'Peace of mind' — beautiful characters. Is the chair new too?
- 王月 不算新. 我从家里带来的. 旁边放着妈妈的椅子. Not really. Brought it from home. Next to it sits mom's chair.
- 高天 门口站着一只小猫? Is that a kitten standing at the door?
- 王月 是的! 它常常站着, 等我开门. Yes! She stands there every day, waiting for me to open the door.
บทสนทนา
我送你到门口 — I'll see you to the door
- 高天 时间也不早了. 我应该走了. It's getting late. I should go.
- 王月 我送你. 我们一起到门口. I'll see you out. Let's walk to the door together.
- 高天 你的房间很安静. 我喜欢. Your room is so peaceful. I like it.
- 王月 谢谢. 你慢走. Thanks. Take care.
- 高天 注意身体. 多休息. Take care of yourself. Rest well.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 桌 | zhuō | n. | table (short for 桌子) |
| 桌子 | zhuōzi | n. | table (full form) |
| 放 | fàng | v. | place; put — chapter existential anchor |
| 在 | zài | prep. | at; in (preposition reinforcement, Level 1 revisit) |
| 旁边 | pángbiān | n. | side; next to (Bk1 ch4 revisit) |
| 椅子 | yǐzi | n. | chair |
| 房间 | fángjiān | n. | room |
| 门 | mén | n. | door (Level 1 revisit; strong placement here) |
| 站 | zhàn | v. | stand (verb sense; Bk1 ch8 revisit) |
| 墙 | qiáng | n. | wall |
| 心安 | xīn ān | phrase | "peace of mind" (calligraphy inscription on the chair) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 刚 | gāng | ||
| 墙 | qiáng | wall | |
| 心 | xīn | heart / mind / cognition / decision (semantic radical) 心安 xīn ān — "peace of mind" (calligraphy inscription on the chair)关心 guānxīn — care about | |
| 猫 | māo | ||
| 它 | Tā |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
zhuō table เขียน
Compound: 卓 (zhuō, phonetic) over 木 (wood). Original sense: "a wooden surface = table." Modern: table. The 木 (wood) radical clusters 桌 with other furniture / wood characters: 椅 (this chapter), 床 (ch3), 木.
fàng place; put — chapter existential anchor เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 方 (fāng, phonetic) + 攵 (action / strike radical, on right). Original sense: "place / let go." Modern: "put / set / release / place." Anchors the V+着 existential pattern (this chapter).
yǐ chair เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 木 (wood) + 奇 (qí, phonetic). Modern: "chair." With 桌 (table, this chapter) and 床 (bed, ch3), 椅 fills out the basic furniture set. Stays in the 木 cluster.
fáng room; house เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 户 (door / household radical) + 方 (fāng, phonetic). Original sense: "the space behind a door = room / house." Modern: 房间 (room), 房子 (house). The 户 radical heads house / door characters.
zǐ / zi son; noun-suffix (Level 1 revisit) จดจำ
zhàn stand (verb, Bk1 ch8 revisit) จดจำ
qiáng wall จดจำ
biān side; edge (Bk1 ch4 revisit; in 旁边) จดจำ
páng side (Bk1 ch4 revisit; in 旁边) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
存现句 — 桌上放着一本书 Existential sentences — describing what's where
存现句用来描述某地有什么东西 / 谁在某地. 句式: 处所词 + V + 着 + 名词. 例: 桌上放着一本书 (literally "table-on placed a book"). 椅子上坐着一个人 ("on the chair sits a person"). 注意词序: 处所先, 名词最后. 这是中文句式的关键特点——和英语相反. 与"有"字句相关但不同: 桌上有一本书 (general "there is") vs 桌上放着一本书 (specific "is placed there"). V+着 句式的好处: 可以指定"怎么放"——挂着 (hanging), 写着 (written), 站着 (standing). 注意: 名词不能是已知的具体的东西. *桌上放着我的书 通常不自然——已知的东西用别的句式 (我的书在桌上).
Existential sentences describe WHAT is at a location: Locative + V + 着 + Noun. Example: 桌上放着一本书 (literally 'table-on placed a book' = 'a book sits on the table'). 椅子上坐着一个人 ('on the chair sits a person'). KEY WORD ORDER: location first, noun last. The OPPOSITE of English. Related to 有 sentences (桌上有一本书 = 'there's a book on the table'), but different in nuance: 有 is generic, V+着 specifies HOW the thing is positioned (placed, hanging, written, standing). Common verbs: 放 (placed), 挂 (hanging), 写 (written), 站 (standing), 坐 (seated). RESTRICTION: the noun should be NEW / indefinite. *桌上放着我的书 ('my book' is too specific) sounds wrong; use 我的书在桌上 instead (a different sentence type, 'the book is on the table').
- 桌上放着一本书. Zhuō shàng fàng zhe yì běn shū. A book is sitting on the table.
- 椅子上坐着一个人. Yǐzi shàng zuò zhe yí ge rén. A person is sitting on the chair.
- 门旁边站着王月. Mén pángbiān zhàn zhe Wáng Yuè. Wang Yue is standing next to the door.
- 墙上写着字. Qiáng shàng xiě zhe zì. There are characters written on the wall.
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