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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 28
你跑得很快 You run really fast
Ma Shan and Bai Wen at the park: ball games, running. Vocab: 跑 / 游 / 游泳 / 打球 (ball game) / 篮球 (basketball) / 足球 (soccer) / 运动 (exercise) / 锻炼 (work out). Introduces the state complement: V + 得 + adj (跑得很快 'runs really fast').
บทสนทนา
你跑得真快 — You run really fast
- 白文 马山, 你在公园跑得真快! 我跟不上你. Ma Shan, you run so fast in the park! I can't keep up.
- 马山 我常常跑. 你慢慢来. 一天比一天快一点儿. I run a lot. Take it slow. Day by day, a bit faster.
- 白文 我快要跑不动了! 累死了. I'm about to give out! Dead tired.
- 马山 休息一下. 喝点水. 你跑了多久? Rest a bit. Drink some water. How long did you run?
- 白文 只有十分钟. 你呢? Only ten minutes. You?
- 马山 半个小时. 慢慢跑就好. Half an hour. Just run slow and steady.
บทสนทนา
打篮球打得很好 — Plays basketball really well
- 白文 马山, 你也打篮球? Ma Shan, you play basketball too?
- 马山 我打篮球打得不错. 你打吗? I play basketball pretty well. Do you play?
- 白文 我不太会篮球. 我喜欢游泳. I'm not great at basketball. I like swimming.
- 马山 游泳! 你游得快吗? Swimming! Are you fast?
- 白文 不太快, 但是我游得很久——可以游一个小时. Not very fast, but I swim for a long time — can do an hour.
- 马山 一个小时! 真的太好了. An hour! Wow that's great.
บทสนทนา
运动让我高兴 — Exercise makes me happy
- 白文 今天跑得真好. 我很高兴. Ran really well today. I'm happy.
- 马山 运动就是这样. 锻炼以后, 心情都好. That's exercise for you. After working out, you feel good.
- 白文 高医生说的没错. 运动对身体好. Dr Lin was right. Exercise is good for the body.
- 马山 是的. 锻炼一年, 身体一定好. Yes. Exercise for a year, the body's definitely better.
- 白文 我也要这样. 明天再来一起跑吗? I want the same. Want to run together again tomorrow?
- 马山 好. 明天见. Yes. See you tomorrow.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 得 | de | aux. | state-complement particle (V + 得 + adj) |
| 跑 | pǎo | v. | run (Bk1 ch9 revisit; formal placement) |
| 游 | yóu | v. | swim; travel (short for 游泳) |
| 游泳 | yóu yǒng | v. | swim |
| 打 | dǎ | v. | hit; play (sport) — high-frequency action verb |
| 球 | qiú | n. | ball |
| 篮球 | lánqiú | n. | basketball |
| 足球 | zúqiú | n. | soccer |
| 运动 | yùndòng | v./n. | exercise; sport |
| 锻炼 | duànliàn | v. | work out; exercise (formal) |
| 高兴 | gāoxìng | adj. | happy (Level 1 revisit) |
| 累死了 | lèi sǐ le | exp. | dead tired (colloquial intensifier) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 死 | sǐ | (in 累死了 = dead tired (colloquial intensifier)) 累死了 lèi sǐ le — dead tired (colloquial intensifier) | |
| 篮 | lán | basket (in 篮球) 篮球 lánqiú — basketball | |
| 游 | yóu | swim; travel 游泳 yóu yǒng — swim旅游 lǚyóu — tourism; sightseeing游戏 yóuxì — game | |
| 泳 | yǒng | (in 游泳 = swim) 游泳 yóu yǒng — swim | |
| 运 | yùn | (in 运动 = exercise; sport) 运动 yùndòng — exercise; sport | |
| 锻 | duàn | forge; temper (in 锻炼) 锻炼 duànliàn — work out; exercise (formal) | |
| 炼 | liàn | refine; temper (in 锻炼) 锻炼 duànliàn — work out; exercise (formal) | |
| 情 | qíng | feeling (in 热情) (recall Bk2) 热情 rèqíng — warm; enthusiastic | |
| 足 | zú | foot (semantic radical, introduced) 足球 zúqiú — soccer |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
de / dé / děi (de) state-complement particle; (dé) get/obtain; (děi) must เขียน
pǎo run (Bk1 ch9 revisit; formal placement) เขียน
yóu swim; travel เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 氵 (water radical) + 斿 (yóu, phonetic). Original sense: "moving through water = swim." Extended: "travel" (游 in 旅游 — Level 3). Modern: 游泳 (swim, this chapter), 游 also means tour. Continues the 氵 cluster.
dòng move (in 运动) เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 云 (yún, phonetic / partial semantic — also "cloud, motion") + 力 (strength radical, on right). Original sense: "applying force = move." Anchors 运动 (sport / exercise, this chapter). The 力 (strength) radical heads action / power characters.
qiú ball เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 王 (jade radical, the left form of 玉) + 求 (qiú, phonetic). Original sense: "a round jade stone = ball." Modern: ball — anchors 篮球 (basketball), 足球 (soccer), 球 itself (ball / sphere).
dǎ hit; play (Level 1 revisit) จดจำ
lán basket (in 篮球) จดจำ
zú foot (Level 1 revisit; the radical itself) จดจำ
duàn forge; temper (in 锻炼) จดจำ
liàn refine; temper (in 锻炼) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
状态补语 — 跑得很快 (V 得怎么样) State complement — V + 得 + adj (how the action is done)
中文里, "做某事做得 X (好 / 快 / 慢)"用"状态补语"表达. 句式: 主语 + V + 得 + 形容词. 例: 他跑得很快 (he runs very fast). 王月唱歌唱得很好 (Wang Yue sings very well). 关键: 形容词前面常加程度副词"很 / 不 / 真". 重要句法: (1) 没有宾语: V + 得 + adj. 例 跑得很快. (2) 有宾语: 主语 + V + O + V + 得 + adj. 动词重复. 例 他打篮球打得很好 (he plays basketball very well). 不能说 *他打得篮球很好. (3) 否定: 不在 V 前, 在补语前. 跑得不快 (correct), 不是 *不跑得快. 注意 "得"的两个用法: 状态补语 (de — 本课) vs 助动词"必要 / 必须" (děi — 我得走 "I must go"). 同字两读, 完全不同.
Mandarin uses a 'state complement' to describe HOW an action is performed: Subject + V + 得 + adj. Example: 他跑得很快 ('he runs very fast'). 王月唱歌唱得很好 ('Wang Yue sings very well'). The adj usually takes a degree adverb (很 / 不 / 真). KEY SYNTAX: (1) No object: V + 得 + adj (跑得很快). (2) WITH object: Subject + V + O + V + 得 + adj — repeat the verb. 他打篮球打得很好 ('he plays basketball very well'). NOT *他打得篮球很好 (wrong word order). (3) Negation goes BEFORE the adj, not before V: 跑得不快 (correct), NOT *不跑得快. CRITICAL: 得 has two uses with two readings: (a) de (light) — state complement (this chapter). (b) děi (full 3rd) — modal 'must' (我得走 = 'I must go'). Same character, different role.
- 马山跑得很快. Mǎ Shān pǎo de hěn kuài. Ma Shan runs very fast.
- 白文打篮球打得不错. Bái Wén dǎ lánqiú dǎ de bú cuò. Bai Wen plays basketball pretty well.
- 我游泳游得不太好. Wǒ yóu yǒng yóu de bú tài hǎo. I don't swim very well.
- 他唱得真好听. Tā chàng de zhēn hǎotīng. He sings really well.
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