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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 3 · Chapter 16
一家人吃饭 Family dinner
Family dinner. Teaches 让 / 叫 + N + V (causative) and pairs with 请 + N + V (polite causative).
บทสนทนา
妈妈让我帮忙 — Mom asks me to help
- 林雪 妈妈让我准备桌子. Mom asked me to set the table.
- 妈妈 你叫弟弟一起帮忙吧. Tell your younger brother to help too.
- 林雪 好. 弟弟, 妈妈叫你来帮忙. OK. Brother, mom is asking you to come help.
- 弟弟 我来了, 让姐姐放菜. Coming — let sister put the dishes out.
- 妈妈 爸爸快回来了, 大家坐下吧. Dad is coming back soon — everyone sit down.
- 林雪 今天是中秋节, 一家人团圆一起吃, 我很高兴. Today is Mid-Autumn — the whole family reunited to eat together, and I'm so happy.
บทสนทนา
请大家尝尝 — Please try it
- 爸爸 今天妈妈做的菜, 请大家尝尝. Mom cooked today — please try it.
- 姐姐 我给爸爸夹一块. I will pick up a piece for dad.
- 妈妈 让弟弟也多吃一点. Let younger brother eat more too.
- 林雪 妈妈的菜, 我吃得很满意. Mom's food, I am very satisfied.
- 爸爸 一家人坐在一起, 是最高兴的时候. When the family sits together, that is the happiest time.
- 妈妈 请再吃一些. 还有汤呢. Eat some more please. There is soup too.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 让 | ràng | v. | let; make (causative) (recall Bk2) |
| 叫 | jiào | v. | tell; ask (someone) to (recall Bk1) |
| 请 | qǐng | v. | invite; please (recall Bk1) |
| 爸爸 | bàba | n. | dad (recall Bk1) |
| 妈妈 | māma | n. | mom (recall Bk1) |
| 姐姐 | jiějie | n. | older sister (recall Bk1) |
| 弟弟 | dìdi | n. | younger brother (recall Bk1) |
| 桌子 | zhuōzi | n. | table (recall Bk1) |
| 帮忙 | bāngmáng | v. | help out (recall Bk1) |
| 尝 | cháng | v. | taste (recall ch09) |
| 香 | xiāng | adj. | fragrant (recall Bk2) |
| 坐下 | zuòxia | v. | sit down |
| 夹 | jiā | v. | pick up (with chopsticks) |
| 满意 | mǎnyì | adj. | satisfied (recall ch09) |
| 高兴 | gāoxìng | adj. | happy (recall Bk1) |
| 林雪 | Lín Xuě | pn. | Lin Xue (persona — recall ch01) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 夹 | jiā | pick up (with chopsticks) |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
ràng let; make (recall Bk2) เขียน
qǐng please; invite (recall Bk1) เขียน
jiào tell; ask; (be) called (recall Bk1) จดจำ
bāng help (recall Bk1) จดจำ
máng busy (recall Bk1) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
让 / 叫 + N + V — 使役句 让 / 叫 + N + V — causative ("make / let / tell N do V")
`让 / 叫 + N + V` 表示"使 N 做 V" — N 是被使者, V 是动作. 妈妈让我准备桌子 / 你叫弟弟一起帮忙. 让 偏中性 / 略书面 ("使 / 允许"); 叫 偏口语, 含轻微命令意味 ("让 / 吩咐"). 两者多数情况下可换. 否定: 不让 / 别让 + N + V (不让他走 / 别叫弟弟去). 与 ch10 grammar-02 的"让 + 物 + V" 比 (e.g. 让人觉得很小), 这一课强调"人让人做事". 句子顺序: 主语 → 让/叫 → 被使者 → 动词短语.
`让 / 叫 + N + V` makes N the doer of V at someone else's prompting: 妈妈让我准备桌子 (mom asked me to set the table), 你叫弟弟一起帮忙 (tell your brother to help). 让 is neutral / slightly written ("let / make"); 叫 is colloquial and a touch more like an order. They usually swap freely. Negate via 不让 / 别让 + N + V. Shape: subject → 让 / 叫 → causee → verb-phrase.
- 妈妈让我准备桌子. Māma ràng wǒ zhǔnbèi zhuōzi. Mom asked me to set the table.
- 你叫弟弟一起帮忙. Nǐ jiào dìdi yìqǐ bāngmáng. Tell younger brother to help.
- 让姐姐放菜. Ràng jiějie fàng cài. Let older sister put the dishes out.
- 别叫他去, 太远了. Bié jiào tā qù, tài yuǎn le. Don't tell him to go — too far.
ไวยากรณ์
请 + N + V — 客气的使役 请 + N + V — polite causative ("please / let me invite N to V")
上一课 (grammar-01) 的 让 / 叫 + N + V 偏中性或带轻微命令意味. 本课的 `请 + N + V` 把使役语气升到"客气"层 — 用于请客、礼貌请求或公开场合: 请大家尝尝 / 请爸爸坐. 主语相同时常省: (我) 请你来 = 请来. 比 让 / 叫 + N + V 更软, 适合不太熟或长辈. 否定: 请别 + V (请别说话). 与 ch08 的 给 + N + V 不同 — 那是"为 N 做", 这是"邀请 N 来做".
Grammar-01 used 让 / 叫 — neutral or lightly directive. Grammar-02 reaches polite register: `请 + N + V` invites or requests. 请大家尝尝 (please everyone try it), 请爸爸坐 (please dad sit). Softer than 让 / 叫; works for elders, guests, or formal settings. Speaker = host: 请 sits at the front and N follows. Negate as 请别 + V. Different from ch08's 给 + N + V ("do V for N") — this is "I invite N to do V".
- 请大家尝尝. Qǐng dàjiā cháng chang. Everyone, please try it.
- 请爸爸坐这里. Qǐng bàba zuò zhèlǐ. Dad, please sit here.
- 请你帮我一下. Qǐng nǐ bāng wǒ yíxià. Please help me a moment.
- 请别说话, 老师在讲. Qǐng bié shuōhuà, lǎoshī zài jiǎng. Please don't talk — teacher is speaking.
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