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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 3 · Chapter 21
大学的一天 A day at university
A day at university; 小红 enters. Teaches 先 V1 然后 V2 (sequence) and pairs with 最后 + V (final step).
บทสนทนา
先吃早饭, 然后上课 — First breakfast, then class
- 小红 我每天首先去食堂吃早饭. Every day I first go to the canteen for breakfast.
- 小红 然后去教室上课. Then I go to the classroom for class.
- 同学 上午有几节课? How many classes in the morning?
- 小红 三节. 下课后再吃午饭. Three. After class I have lunch.
- 同学 下午做什么? What do you do in the afternoon?
- 小红 我先复习, 然后去图书馆看书. I first review, then go read at the library.
บทสนทนา
最后回宿舍 — Finally back to the dorm
- 同学 晚饭后还做什么? What do you do after dinner?
- 小红 吃完晚饭, 我有时去跑步, 有时跟朋友聊天. After dinner I sometimes go running, sometimes chat with friends.
- 小红 看一会儿电视, 最后回宿舍睡觉. I watch a bit of TV, then finally head back to the dorm to sleep.
- 同学 一天真不容易. A day's not easy.
- 小红 大学生的生活很有意思. 从今天起, 我要更努力. University life is interesting. From today on, I'll work harder.
- 同学 明天一起去食堂吧. Let's go to the canteen together tomorrow.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 大学 | dàxué | n. | university (recall Bk1) |
| 学生 | xuésheng | n. | student (recall Bk1) |
| 上课 | shàngkè | v. | attend class; start class (recall Bk1) |
| 下课 | xiàkè | v. | class ends (recall Bk1) |
| 教室 | jiàoshì | n. | classroom (recall Bk2) |
| 图书馆 | túshūguǎn | n. | library (recall Bk1) |
| 食堂 | shítáng | n. | canteen; dining hall |
| 宿舍 | sùshè | n. | dorm |
| 先 | xiān | adv. | first (recall Bk1) |
| 然后 | ránhòu | conj. | then; after that (recall Bk2) |
| 最后 | zuìhòu | n. | finally; last (recall Bk1) |
| 早饭 | zǎofàn | n. | breakfast (recall Bk1) |
| 午饭 | wǔfàn | n. | lunch (recall Bk1) |
| 晚饭 | wǎnfàn | n. | dinner (recall Bk1) |
| 复习 | fùxí | v. | review (recall Bk2) |
| 小红 | Xiǎo Hóng | pn. | Xiao Hong (persona — 22, university student) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 首 | shǒu | ||
| 堂 | táng | (in 食堂 = canteen; dining hall) 食堂 shítáng — canteen; dining hall课堂 kètáng — classroom (in session) (recall Bk2) | |
| 宿 | sù | (in 宿舍 = dorm) 宿舍 sùshè — dorm | |
| 舍 | shè | (in 宿舍 = dorm) 宿舍 sùshè — dorm | |
| 答 | dá | answer (recall Bk1) 回答 huídá — answer (recall Bk1)答案 dá\'àn — answer (a single answer) |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
rán so (in 然后) เขียน
shì room (in 教室) เขียน
shí eat; food (in 食堂) จดจำ
fù review; again (recall Bk2) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
首先 … 然后 … — 书面顺序句 (三64) 首先 … 然后 … — formal sequence (三64)
首先 + 第一步, 然后 + 第二步, 表示先后顺序. 比二级的"先…然后"更正式、更书面, 常用于说明步骤或讲道理. 首先去上课, 然后去图书馆. 也可以接"再 / 最后": 首先…, 然后…, 最后….
首先 + first step, 然后 + next step, marking sequence. More formal/written than Band 2's 先…然后, common for explaining steps or reasoning. 首先去上课, 然后去图书馆. Can extend with 再 / 最后: 首先…, 然后…, 最后….
- 首先我们读课文, 然后回答问题. Shǒuxiān wǒmen dú kèwén, ránhòu huídá wèntí. First we read the text, then answer the questions.
- 你首先要努力, 然后才能成功. Nǐ shǒuxiān yào nǔlì, ránhòu cái néng chénggōng. First you must work hard, then you can succeed.
- 我首先去吃饭, 然后回房间. Wǒ shǒuxiān qù chīfàn, ránhòu huí fángjiān. First I go eat, then return to my room.
- 首先准备好, 然后出发. Shǒuxiān zhǔnbèi hǎo, ránhòu chūfā. First get ready, then set off.
ไวยากรณ์
从 … 起 — 从某个时间开始 (三39) 从 … 起 — starting from (a time) (三39)
上一课 (grammar-01) 讲顺序. 本课的 从 + 时间 + 起 表示"从这个时间点开始 (并继续下去)". 从今天起 / 从现在起 / 从下周起. 后面跟一个分句说明从那时起要做什么. 从今天起, 我要早起.
Grammar-01 was sequence. `从 + time + 起` means "starting from this point (and onward)". 从今天起 / 从现在起 / 从下周起. A clause follows saying what begins then. 从今天起, 我要早起 (From today, I'll get up early).
- 从今天起, 我要早起. Cóng jīntiān qǐ, wǒ yào zǎo qǐ. From today, I'll get up early.
- 从现在起, 你要努力学习. Cóng xiànzài qǐ, nǐ yào nǔlì xuéxí. From now on, you must study hard.
- 从下个月起, 我开始学中文. Cóng xià ge yuè qǐ, wǒ kāishǐ xué Zhōngwén. Starting next month, I begin learning Chinese.
- 从这个学期起, 课多了. Cóng zhè ge xuéqī qǐ, kè duō le. From this semester, there are more classes.
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