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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 1
你去过中国吗 Have you ever been to China
Using 过 to talk about past experiences, asking how long since you last did something, meeting new traveling companions.
บทสนทนา
在北京见面 — Meeting in Beijing
- 张天 大卫, 你好! 你去过中国吗? David, hi! Have you ever been to China?
- 大卫 我? 我现在就在中国! Me? I AM in China right now!
- 张天 不是不是. 我是说, 这是你第一次来中国吗? No no — I mean, is this your first time in China?
- 大卫 是, 这是我第一次. Yes, this is my first time.
- 张天 那你来多久了? So how long have you been here?
- 大卫 六个月了. Six months.
บทสนทนา
北京人都不去 — Beijing people just don't go
- 周雨 高文, 你去过北京吗? Gao Wen, have you been to Beijing?
- 高文 去过. 我在那儿住过两年. Yes — I lived there for two years.
- 周雨 那你一定去过那些有名的地方吧? Then you must have been to all the famous places, right?
- 高文 没去过. Never been.
- 周雨 啊?! 你住过两年都没去过? What?! You lived there two years and never went?
- 高文 北京人都不去那些地方. Beijing people just don't go to those places.
บทสนทนา
你去过那个店吗 — Have you been to that shop
- 大卫 张天, 你住在北京吗? Zhang Tian, do you live in Beijing?
- 张天 是的, 我住北京八年了. 我经常出门, 别人去过的, 我都去过. Yes, I've lived in Beijing for eight years. I go out often — wherever other people have been, I've been.
- 大卫 真的吗? Really?
- 周雨 那你去过我家旁边的那个店吗? Then have you been to that shop next to my place?
- 张天 ……没去过. ...Never been.
- 周雨 北京人也不知道北京. Beijingers don't really know Beijing either.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 过 | guo | aux. | (experiential aspect particle — "have ever") |
| 久 | jiǔ | adj. | (for) a long time |
| 多久 | duō jiǔ | adv. | how long (asking duration) |
| 出国 | chū//guó | v. | go abroad; leave the country |
| 出门 | chū//mén | v. | leave home; go out |
| 一直 | yìzhí | adv. | all along; the whole time |
| 经常 | jīngcháng | adv. | often; frequently |
| 旅行 | lǚxíng | n./v. | travel; trip |
| 别人 | biéren | pron. | other people; others |
| 大家 | dàjiā | pron. | everyone |
| 自己 | zìjǐ | pron. | self; oneself |
| 不过 | búguò | conj. | however; but (softer than 但是) |
| 一定 | yídìng | adv. | definitely; surely; for sure |
| 啊 | á / a | interj. | (interjection — "ah!", "huh?!", surprise) |
| 张天 | Zhāng Tiān | pn. | Zhang Tian (persona — confident, well-traveled marketing manager) |
| 周雨 | Zhōu Yǔ | pn. | Zhou Yu (persona — anxious-but-excited UI designer, first international trip) |
| 高文 | Gāo Wén | pn. | Gao Wen (persona — calm freelance translator, lived abroad, the host figure) |
| 大卫 | Dàwèi | pn. | David / Dawei (persona — American Chinese learner, the "literal foreigner" archetype) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 卫 | wèi | (in 大卫 = David; also "guard, defend") 大卫 Dàwèi — David / Dawei (persona — American Chinese learner, the "literal foreigner" archetype)卫东 Wèi Dōng — Wei Dong (persona — 42, university lecturer) | |
| 第 | dì | (ordinal prefix); also "younger brother" (rare) | |
| 久 | jiǔ | long (in time) 多久 duō jiǔ — how long (asking duration) | |
| 住 | zhù | to live (later) 记住 jì zhù — memorise; remember firmly | |
| 定 | dìng | set; settled (in 决定, 一定) 一定 yídìng — definitely; surely; for sure不一定 bùyídìng — not necessarily; not for sure决定 juédìng — decide; decision | |
| 啊 | á / a | (interjection — "ah!", "huh?!", surprise) | |
| 张 | zhāng | (common surname; also m.w. for flat objects) 张天 Zhāng Tiān — Zhang Tian (persona — confident, well-traveled marketing manager)一张 yì zhāng — one (paper-like item — pairs with 两张 / 三张)紧张 jǐnzhāng — nervous; tense | |
| 直 | zhí | straight; (in 一直 = all along) 一直 yìzhí — all along; the whole time | |
| 旅 | lǚ | (in 旅行 = travel) 旅行 lǚxíng — travel; trip旅游 lǚyóu — tourism; sightseeing | |
| 自 | zì | self; from 自己 zìjǐ — self; oneself自然 zìrán — nature; natural | |
| 己 | jǐ | self (in 自己) 自己 zìjǐ — self; oneself | |
| 周 | zhōu | (common surname; also "week") 周雨 Zhōu Yǔ — Zhou Yu (persona — anxious-but-excited UI designer, first international trip)周末 zhōumò — weekend周月 Zhōu Yuè — Zhou Yue (persona — 24, recent grad) |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
guo / guò (experiential aspect particle); to pass / cross เขียน
Phono-semantic compound: 辶 (walking radical, semantic) + 寸 (cùn, phonetic hint). Original meaning: "to pass / to cross over". Later extended to mean "have once experienced", which is the modern aspect particle. The walking radical is your hint that this character is about *traversing* something — including time.
jīng (in 经常 = often; 经过 = pass through) เขียน
The 纟 (silk thread radical) on the left signals an origin in textiles: 经 originally meant "the warp threads of a loom" — the long, vertical, *enduring* threads. From there: "to pass through, to undergo, to have experienced". This is why 经常 ("often / regularly") uses this character.
bié other; do not เขียน
A compound: left = 另 (other, semantic) + 刂 (knife radical, also semantic — "to cut/separate"). Original meaning: "to separate with a knife". Modern meanings: (1) "other; another" (in 别人 = other people); (2) "do not" as a soft imperative (别去! = don't go!). The "knife" hint is preserved in the small 刂 on the right.
zì self; from เขียน
自 is a pictograph — the ancient form depicted a human nose (which is what Chinese people point to when indicating "me"). The modern character preserves a stylized nose shape. Most commonly seen in 自己 (self) — paired with 己 (jǐ, also "self").
jiǔ long (in time) จดจำ
mén door; gate จดจำ
门 is a pictograph — the ancient form depicted two open door-leaves hanging from a top beam. The modern character preserves the symmetry. Used in 出门 (leave home), 大门 (front gate), 门口 (doorway).
zhí straight; (in 一直 = all along) จดจำ
cháng often; usually; constant จดจำ
lǚ (in 旅行 = travel) จดจำ
zhāng (common surname; also m.w. for flat objects) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
动态助词 "过" The Experiential Aspect Particle 过
"过"放在动词后面, 表示曾经有过这个经历。否定用"没"+动词+"过"。注意: "过"不是"了"。"了"表示动作完成, "过"表示有经历。
过 goes after the verb to mean "have ever had this experience". To negate, use 没 + verb + 过 ("have never..."). DO NOT confuse 过 with 了: 了 marks completion ("I went"), 过 marks experience ("I have been"). 我去了北京 = I went to Beijing (specific past trip). 我去过北京 = I have been to Beijing (at some point in my life).
- 你去过中国吗? Nǐ qù guo Zhōngguó ma? Have you ever been to China?
- 没去过. 这是我第一次. Méi qù guo. Zhè shì wǒ dì-yī cì. Never been. This is my first time.
- 我在那儿住过两年. Wǒ zài nàr zhù guo liǎng nián. I lived there for two years.
- 北京人都不去那些地方. Běijīng rén dōu bú qù nà xiē dìfang. Beijing people just don't go to those places.
ไวยากรณ์
疑问词 "多久" The Question Word 多久 ("how long")
"多久"用来问时间长短。"多"+"久"= "多么长的时间"。可以放在动词后(住多久), 也可以加"了"问到现在为止的时间长度(来多久了)。
多久 asks about a duration. Literally "how" + "long-time". Place it after the verb to ask "for how long" (你住多久 = how long will you stay). Add 了 at the end to ask how long an action has been ongoing up to now (你来多久了 = how long have you been here).
- 你来多久了? Nǐ lái duō jiǔ le? How long have you been here?
- 六个月了. Liù gè yuè le. Six months.
- 你想在中国住多久? Nǐ xiǎng zài Zhōngguó zhù duō jiǔ? How long do you want to live in China?
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