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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 2
我去过两次 I've been twice
Counting times you did something with 次/遍, ordinal numbers with 第, approximate amounts with 差不多, and 才 for "only this many".
บทสนทนา
你去过几次中国 — How many times have you been to China
- 周雨 张天, 你去过几次中国? Zhang Tian, how many times have you been to China?
- 张天 差不多... 让我想想. 七八次吧. About... let me think. Seven or eight times.
- 周雨 七八次?! Seven or eight times?!
- 张天 我没数过. I haven't counted.
- 周雨 我才去过一次. I've only been once.
- 张天 大家都会帮你的. 多去几次, 你也会去过很多次. Everyone'll help you. Go a few more times, and you'll have been many times too.
บทสนทนา
看两遍 — Read it twice
- 大卫 这本书我看过两遍. I've read this book twice.
- 张天 懂了吗? Did you understand it?
- 大卫 第一遍不懂. 第二遍也不懂. Didn't get it the first time. Didn't get it the second time either.
- 张天 看两遍还不懂? Read it twice and still don't get it?
- 大卫 不懂. Nope.
- 张天 那不是你的问题, 是书的问题. Then it's not your problem — it's the book's problem.
บทสนทนา
中国菜 — Chinese food
- 高文 你吃过中国菜吗? Have you ever had Chinese food?
- 大卫 吃过吃过, 我特别喜欢饺子. Yes, yes — I especially love dumplings.
- 高文 饺子谁都吃过. 那你吃过包子吗? Everyone's had dumplings. What about steamed buns?
- 大卫 没吃过, 但是听说过. Never had them, but I've heard of them.
- 张天 听说不算! 你吃过的菜不多. Hearing-of doesn't count! You haven't eaten many dishes.
- 大卫 我吃过的, 大家都吃过. What I've had, everyone's had.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 次 | cì | m.w. | (measure word for verb-counts) "times" |
| 遍 | biàn | m.w. | (measure word for full repetitions) "times through" |
| 第 | dì | prefix | (ordinal prefix — 第一, 第二, 第三 ...) |
| 才 | cái | adv. | only; just (with surprising-low number) |
| 不少 | bù shǎo | adj. | quite a lot (lit. "not few") |
| 差不多 | chàbuduō | adv. | almost; about; nearly |
| 大部分 | dàbùfen | n. | most of (a group) |
| 大多数 | dàduōshù | n. | the majority (of a group) |
| 一些 | yìxiē | det. | some; a few |
| 帮助 | bāngzhù | v./n. | to help; help (n.) |
| 懂 | dǒng | v. | to understand; to get (it) |
| 但是 | dànshì | conj. | but; however |
| 特别 | tèbié | adv. | especially; particularly; very |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 差 | chà | lacking; off (in 差不多 = approximately) 差不多 chàbuduō — almost; about; nearly | |
| 让 | ràng | let; allow | |
| 数 | shù / shǔ | number (n. shù) / to count (v. shǔ) 大多数 dàduōshù — the majority (of a group)数学 shùxué — math | |
| 才 | cái | only; just; talent | |
| 遍 | biàn | times-through (verb-counter) | |
| 懂 | dǒng | understand (in V+懂 result complement) 听懂 tīng dǒng — understand (by listening) — V+懂看懂 kàn dǒng — understand (by reading) — V+懂 | |
| 问 | wèn | to ask (later chapter) 问路 wènlù — ask directions问题 wèntí — question (recall Bk2) | |
| 题 | tí | question (recall Bk2) 问题 wèntí — question (recall Bk2)话题 huàtí — topic错题 cuòtí — wrong answers; mistake log | |
| 特 | tè | special (in 特别 — formal lesson revisit from ch2) 特别 tèbié — especially; particularly; very | |
| 但 | dàn | but; however 但是 dànshì — but; however不但 búdàn — not only (二63)但愿 dànyuàn — wish; if only | |
| 算 | suàn | count; reckon | |
| 部 | bù | (in 大部分 = most of); a part 大部分 dàbùfen — most of (a group)全部 quánbù — all; the whole | |
| 助 | zhù | (in 帮助 = help) 帮助 bāngzhù — to help; help (n.) |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
cì times (verb-counter) เขียน
Original meaning: "second; following in order". The modern senses ("times" as a count, and "order/sequence" as in 次序) extend from that. Used in 一次 (once), 几次 (how many times), 上次 (last time), 下次 (next time).
dì (ordinal prefix); also "younger brother" (rare) เขียน
bāng to help; group เขียน
A phono-semantic compound: top 邦 (bāng, semantic + phonetic — "state, group") + bottom 巾 (cloth radical, semantic). Original meaning: "the upper part of a shoe (the helper-part of the structure)". Modern senses: "to help" (帮助, 帮忙) and "a group" (一帮人 = a group of people).
cái only; just; talent เขียน
才 is an ancient pictograph — depicting a young plant just emerging from the ground. Original meaning: "just-emerged, just-born". Modern uses: (1) "only" with a number, marking surprise that the count is low (我才去过一次 = I have ONLY been once); (2) time-adverb "just, only just" (我才到 = I just arrived); (3) "talent" (人才, 天才). Powerful little character — appears in ALL three Level 2 senses.
biàn times-through (verb-counter) จดจำ
chà lacking; off (in 差不多 = approximately) จดจำ
shù / shǔ number (n. shù) / to count (v. shǔ) จดจำ
ràng let; allow จดจำ
suàn count; reckon จดจำ
dàn but; however จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
数量补语 + 序数: 一次, 第一遍 Quantity Complement + Ordinal Numbers: 一次, 第一遍
在动词后面用"数+量"补语表示动作的次数。"次"和"遍"都是动量词: "次"是次数, "遍"是从头到尾的一次。"第"+数字表示序数(第一, 第二)。注意: "次"是计数, "遍"是完整一回。
After a verb, use "number + measure word" to count how many times the action happened. 次 and 遍 are both verb-counters but they differ: 次 = "times" (a count of occurrences); 遍 = "times through" (a full pass-through, beginning to end). To form an ordinal, prefix the number with 第 (第一 = first, 第二 = second). DO NOT swap 次 and 遍 — read it once = 看一遍 (one full pass), but went there once = 去一次 (one occurrence).
- 我才去过一次. Wǒ cái qù guo yí cì. I've only been once.
- 这本书我看过两遍. Zhè běn shū wǒ kàn guo liǎng biàn. I've read this book twice.
- 第一遍不懂. 第二遍也不懂. Dì-yī biàn bù dǒng. Dì-èr biàn yě bù dǒng. Didn't get it the first time. Didn't get it the second time either.
- 多去几次, 你也会去过很多次. Duō qù jǐ cì, nǐ yě huì qù guo hěn duō cì. Go a few more times, and you'll have been many times too.
ไวยากรณ์
概数 + 才: 七八次, 才一次 Approximate Numbers + 才: about seven or eight, only one
汉语里说大概的数, 最常用两个连续的数字, 例如"七八"(7或8)、"两三"(2或3)、"四五"(4或5)。"差不多"也表示大约。"才"放在数字前面表示"只有这么少", 带惊讶或不满意的语气。
To express an approximate count in Chinese, the most common pattern is to pair two consecutive numbers: 七八 (seven or eight), 两三 (two or three), 四五 (four or five). 差不多 ("approximately") works similarly. The adverb 才 placed before a number means "only this many" — with a tone of surprise or disappointment that the count is so low. Compare: "我去过七八次" (about 7-8 times — sounds like a lot) vs. "我才去过一次" (I've only been once — implies "I should have gone more").
- 差不多... 让我想想. 七八次吧. Chàbuduō... ràng wǒ xiǎng xiǎng. Qī bā cì ba. About... let me think. Seven or eight times.
- 我才去过一次. Wǒ cái qù guo yí cì. I've only been once.
- 你吃过的菜不多. Nǐ chī guo de cài bù duō. You haven't eaten many dishes.
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