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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 3 · Chapter 28
学习的方法 Study methods
Xiao Hong and 何老师 reflect on study methods. Teaches 应该 / 必须 (modal register) and 最好 + V (gentle recommendation).
บทสนทนา
你必须有方法 — You must have a method
- 小红 老师, 学习应该有什么好方法? Teacher, what good study methods should I use?
- 何老师 只有每天复习, 才能学好, 这是关键. Only by reviewing every day can you learn it well — that's the key.
- 小红 我应该总结经验吗? Should I summarise my experience?
- 何老师 应该. 必须把错题记下来. You should. And you must write down your mistakes.
- 小红 我以前一次也没认真总结过, 现在知道一定要安排好时间. I never once summed things up seriously before — now I know I must plan my time.
- 何老师 坚持下去, 你一定会越来越好. Keep at it — you'll only get better.
บทสนทนา
最好每天记笔记 — Best to take notes every day
- 小红 老师, 上次考试我进步了, 您觉得我最好怎么记生词? Teacher, I improved on the last exam — what's the best way to memorise new words?
- 何老师 最好每天记一点, 不要一次记太多. Best to do a little daily — don't cram.
- 小红 我应该用笔记本还是手机? Should I use a notebook or my phone?
- 何老师 最好笔记本, 写一写记得更清楚. Notebook is best — writing makes it stick.
- 小红 老师, 您必须告诉我这些, 谢谢! Teacher, you really had to tell me this — thanks!
- 何老师 应该的. 我也是这样过来的. You're welcome. I came up the same way.
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 方法 | fāngfǎ | n. | method; way |
| 应该 | yīnggāi | aux. | should (recall Bk2) |
| 必须 | bìxū | aux. | must; have to |
| 最好 | zuìhǎo | adv. | best to; preferably |
| 总结 | zǒngjié | v. | summarise; sum up |
| 经验 | jīngyàn | n. | experience |
| 习惯 | xíguàn | n. | habit (recall ch07) |
| 思考 | sīkǎo | v. | think over; reflect |
| 记 | jì | v. | remember; record |
| 关键 | guānjiàn | n. | key (point) |
| 重视 | zhòngshì | v. | attach importance to; value |
| 安排 | ānpái | v. | arrange (recall ch01) |
| 一定 | yídìng | adv. | definitely (recall Bk2) |
| 坚持 | jiānchí | v. | persist (recall ch25) |
| 错题 | cuòtí | n. | wrong answers; mistake log |
| 小红 | Xiǎo Hóng | pn. | Xiao Hong (persona — recall ch21) |
| 何老师 | Hé lǎoshī | pn. | Teacher He (persona — recall ch13) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 键 | jiàn | (in 关键 = key (point)) 关键 guānjiàn — key (point) | |
| 验 | yàn | examine (in 经验) 经验 jīngyàn — experience | |
| 取 | qǔ | ||
| 句 | jù |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
bì must (in 必须) เขียน
zǒng always; sum up เขียน
jì remember; record จดจำ
yàn examine (in 经验) จดจำ
shì view (in 重视) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
只有 … , 才 … — 唯一条件 (三70) 只有 … , 才 … — the only condition (三70)
只有 X, 才 Y 表示"X 是 Y 的唯一条件 — 不 X 就不 Y". 只有认真学习, 才能取得好成绩 = 想取得好成绩, 一定要认真学习. "才"在后一分句, 强调条件的必要. 这是三级表达学习方法、道理时常用的句型.
只有 X, 才 Y means "X is the ONLY condition for Y — without X, no Y". 只有认真学习, 才能取得好成绩 (only by studying seriously can you get good grades). 才 sits in the second clause, stressing the condition is essential. Common in Band 3 for study methods and reasoning.
- 只有认真学习, 才能取得好成绩. Zhǐyǒu rènzhēn xuéxí, cái néng qǔdé hǎo chéngjì. Only by studying hard can you get good grades.
- 只有多听多说, 才能学好中文. Zhǐyǒu duō tīng duō shuō, cái néng xué hǎo Zhōngwén. Only by listening and speaking a lot can you learn Chinese well.
- 只有努力, 才会成功. Zhǐyǒu nǔlì, cái huì chénggōng. Only with effort will you succeed.
- 只有早点出发, 才不会晚. Zhǐyǒu zǎo diǎn chūfā, cái bú huì wǎn. Only by leaving early won't you be late.
ไวยากรณ์
一 + 量 + 也 / 都 + 不 / 没 — 完全否定 (三41) 一 + MW + 也/都 + 不/没 — total negation (三41)
上一课 (grammar-01) 讲条件. 本课强调"连最小的一个都没有": 一 + 量词 + 也 / 都 + 不 / 没 + 动词. 一个字也不认识 / 一口水也没喝 / 一次都没去过. 比"一点儿也不"更具体, 数的是"一个、一次"这种最小单位.
Grammar-01 was conditions. This stresses "not even the smallest one": 一 + MW + 也/都 + 不/没 + verb. 一个字也不认识 / 一口水也没喝 / 一次都没去过. More concrete than 一点儿也不 — it counts the smallest unit (one word, one time).
- 这本书我一个字也没看. Zhè běn shū wǒ yí ge zì yě méi kàn. I haven't read a single word of this book.
- 上午我一口水也没喝. Shàngwǔ wǒ yì kǒu shuǐ yě méi hē. I didn't drink a drop of water all morning.
- 这个地方我一次都没去过. Zhè ge dìfang wǒ yí cì dōu méi qù guo. I've never been to this place, not once.
- 他一句中文也不会说. Tā yí jù Zhōngwén yě bú huì shuō. He can't speak a word of Chinese.
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