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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 19
你哪儿不舒服 Where does it hurt?
Dr Lin's clinic. Wang Yue's first visit. Builds the 'see-a-doctor' frame: 哪儿不舒服 (where does it hurt) / 发烧 (fever) / 咳嗽 (cough) / 嗓子疼 (sore throat). Introduces the modal verbs 必须 (must) / 应该 (should).
Hội thoại
你哪儿不舒服? — Where does it hurt?
- 高天 你好, 我是高医生. 请坐. 你哪儿不舒服? Hi, I'm Doctor Lin. Please sit. Where does it hurt?
- 王月 高医生你好. 我身体不太好, 头疼, 嗓子也疼. Hello, Dr Gao. I'm not feeling well — my head hurts, and my throat too.
- 高天 好. 多久了? OK. How long?
- 王月 三天了. 还睡不着, 眼睛也疼. Three days. I can't sleep, and my eyes hurt too.
- 高天 我先给你检查检查. Let me check you first.
Hội thoại
你发烧吗? — Do you have a fever?
- 高天 你发烧吗? 咳嗽吗? Do you have a fever? A cough?
- 王月 一点儿发烧. 也咳嗽. A little fever. And a cough too.
- 高天 看起来是感冒了. 你的嗓子很红. Looks like a cold. Your throat is very red.
- 王月 我应该吃什么药? What medicine should I take?
- 高天 我先开一点儿药. 你必须好好休息. I'll prescribe some medicine first. You must rest well.
Hội thoại
你应该多喝热水 — You should drink lots of hot water
- 高天 感冒不是大病, 但是必须好好看一看. A cold isn't serious, but you must take care.
- 王月 好的. 还要做什么? OK. What else do I need to do?
- 高天 你应该多喝热水. 不要喝凉的. You should drink lots of hot water. No cold drinks.
- 王月 热水真的有用吗? Is hot water really useful?
- 高天 你试一试就知道了. 我们明天再看. Try it and see. Let's check again tomorrow.
Từ vựng
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 舒服 | shūfu | adj. | comfortable; well |
| 不舒服 | bù shūfu | adj. | unwell; uncomfortable (fixed phrase) |
| 医生 | yīshēng | n. | doctor |
| 医院 | yīyuàn | n. | hospital; clinic |
| 看病 | kàn bìng | v. | see a doctor |
| 检查 | jiǎnchá | v. | check; examine |
| 发烧 | fā shāo | v. | have a fever (separable verb) |
| 咳嗽 | késou | v. | cough |
| 感冒 | gǎnmào | v./n. | catch cold; cold |
| 嗓子 | sǎngzi | n. | throat |
| 哪儿 | nǎr | pron. | where (Level 1 revisit; formal in clinic context) |
| 高天 | Gāo Tiān | pn. | Lin Tian (persona — TCM doctor at the community clinic) |
Chữ mới
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 舒 | shū | unfold; comfortable (in 舒服) 舒服 shūfu — comfortable; well不舒服 bù shūfu — unwell; uncomfortable (fixed phrase) | |
| 嗓 | sǎng | throat (in 嗓子) 嗓子 sǎngzi — throat | |
| 检 | jiǎn | check; examine (in 检查) 检查 jiǎnchá — check; examine | |
| 查 | chá | investigate; check (in 检查) 检查 jiǎnchá — check; examine | |
| 烧 | shāo | burn; fever (in 发烧) 发烧 fā shāo — have a fever (separable verb) | |
| 咳 | ké | cough (Bk2) 咳嗽 késou — cough | |
| 嗽 | sòu | cough (in 咳嗽) 咳嗽 késou — cough | |
| 冒 | mào | emit; risk; catch (in 感冒) 感冒 gǎnmào — catch cold; cold | |
| 药 | yào | medicine; herb 吃药 chī yào — take medicine | |
| 必 | bì | must; necessarily (in 必须) 必须 bìxū — must; have to | |
| 须 | xū | (in 必须); also: must; beard (with 鬚) 必须 bìxū — must; have to | |
| 凉 | liáng | cool (temperature; pair with 热) 凉快 liángkuai — cool; pleasantly cool凉水 liáng shuǐ — cold water (pair with 热水) |
Chữ Hán — viết & nhận biết
yī doctor; medicine (chapter clinic anchor) Viết
Associative compound: 匚 (an open box / receptacle) + 矢 (arrow) — historically depicted "treating arrow wounds." The simplified form keeps the basic structure. Modern: doctor / medicine. Anchors 医生 (doctor) and 医院 (hospital).
yuàn institution; courtyard (in 医院) Viết
Phono-semantic compound: 阝 (left, hill / institution radical — derived from 阜) + 完 (wán, phonetic). Original sense: "an enclosed institution / courtyard." Modern: institutional buildings — 医院 (hospital), 学院 (academy), 法院 (court).
jiǎn check; examine (in 检查) Viết
Phono-semantic compound: 木 (wood radical, originally referring to "tagging / inspecting wooden goods") + 佥 (qiān, phonetic). Modern: "check / inspect." Anchors 检查 (the standard verb for medical exams).
chá investigate; check (in 检查) Viết
Compound: 木 (wood) over 旦 (dawn / day). Original sense: "inspecting wood by morning light = investigating." Modern: "investigate / check / look up." Pairs with 检 in 检查 (medical exam) and stands alone in 查字典 ("look it up in the dictionary").
fú comfortable; serve (in 舒服) Nhận biết
shāo burn; fever (in 发烧) Nhận biết
sòu cough (in 咳嗽) Nhận biết
mào emit; risk; catch (in 感冒) Nhận biết
sǎng throat (in 嗓子) Nhận biết
Ngữ pháp
必须 / 应该 — 必要 vs 建议 必须 / 应该 — must vs should
"必须"和"应该"都表示"应当", 但程度不同. (1) 必须 = "强制 / 一定要", 用于规则 / 医嘱 / 法律, 没有商量余地. 你必须吃药. (2) 应该 = "建议 / 道理上要", 是社会期望或建议, 比较软. 你应该多休息. 否定式: 不必 / 不用 (代替 必须的否定); 不应该 (代替应该的否定). 注意: (a) 必须不能加"很", 没有程度. (b) 应该可以单独答应: "应该的"= "of course". (c) 两个都是能愿动词, 必须放在主要动词前面.
必须 and 应该 both mean "should" — but at different obligation levels. (1) 必须 (bìxū) = strict requirement (rules / medical orders / laws). No negotiation. 你必须吃药 ("you must take the medicine"). (2) 应该 (yīnggāi) = advisory / moral. Social expectation, softer. 你应该多休息 ("you should rest more"). NEGATION: 必须 has no direct negation — use 不必 / 不用 (don't need to). 应该 negates as 不应该. CRITICAL: (a) 必须 has no degree — can't say *很必须. (b) 应该 can stand alone as a response: "应该的" ("of course / it's the right thing"). (c) Both are modal verbs — they precede the main verb (subject + 必须 / 应该 + V + ...).
- 你必须吃药. Nǐ bìxū chī yào. You must take the medicine. (medical order)
- 你应该多喝水. Nǐ yīnggāi duō hē shuǐ. You should drink more water. (advisory)
- 感冒了, 你必须休息. Gǎnmào le, nǐ bìxū xiūxi. If you've got a cold, you must rest.
- 我们应该看医生. Wǒmen yīnggāi kàn yīshēng. We should see a doctor. (group advisory)
Phát âm
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