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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 3 · Chapter 4
飞机上 On the plane
In-flight conversation. Introduces V + 着 durative state and stance + 着 + main action.
Hội thoại
外面的云 — Clouds outside
- 林雪 你看, 飞机已经飞起来了! Look — the plane's already up!
- 王明 外面的天空真好看, 云也漂亮极了. The sky outside is lovely, and the clouds are gorgeous.
- 林雪 坐飞机很累, 我现在累得很. Flying is tiring — I'm really worn out now.
- 王明 里面太安静了, 大家都在休息. It's very quiet in here — everyone's resting.
- 林雪 我有点饿, 都快饿死了. I'm a bit hungry — practically starving.
- 王明 到了就吃饭. 你先看看窗外的云. We'll eat when we land. Look at the clouds out the window first.
Hội thoại
坐飞机很有意思 — Flying is interesting
- 王明 你醒了? 休息好了吗? You're awake? Did you rest well?
- 林雪 躺了一会儿, 好多了. 第一次坐飞机, 我高兴极了! Lay down a while — much better. First time flying, I'm overjoyed!
- 王明 坐飞机很有意思, 也很方便. Flying is interesting, and very convenient too.
- 林雪 是. 我想站起来走走, 听听音乐. Yeah. I want to stand up, walk a bit, listen to some music.
- 王明 好. 那我们聊天吧. Sure, let's chat then.
- 林雪 还有两个小时, 时间长得很. Two hours to go — the time feels really long.
Từ vựng
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 窗 | chuāng | n. | window |
| 极了 | jíle | adv. | extremely (degree complement: Adj + 极了) |
| 外面 | wàimiàn | n. | outside (recall Bk1) |
| 里面 | lǐmiàn | n. | inside (recall Bk1) |
| 云 | yún | n. | cloud |
| 天空 | tiānkōng | n. | sky |
| 飞 | fēi | v. | fly |
| 睡觉 | shuìjiào | v. | sleep (recall Bk1) |
| 醒 | xǐng | v. | wake up |
| 听 | tīng | v. | listen (recall Bk1) |
| 音乐 | yīnyuè | n. | music (recall Bk1) |
| 聊天 | liáotiān | v. | chat |
| 站 | zhàn | v. | stand (recall Bk2) |
| 躺 | tǎng | v. | lie down |
| 休息 | xiūxi | v. | rest (recall Bk1) |
| 安静 | ānjìng | adj. | quiet |
| 林雪 | Lín Xuě | pn. | Lin Xue (persona — recall ch01) |
| 王明 | Wáng Míng | pn. | Wang Ming (persona — recall ch01) |
Chữ mới
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 云 | yún | cloud | |
| 窗 | chuāng | window | |
| 醒 | xǐng | wake up | |
| 躺 | tǎng | lie down |
Chữ Hán — viết & nhận biết
kōng empty; sky (in 天空) Viết
jìng quiet (in 安静) Nhận biết
xī rest; breath (in 休息) Nhận biết
Ngữ pháp
程度补语: Adj + 得很 / 极了 / 死了 (三49) Degree complement: Adj + 得很 / 极了 / 死了 (三49)
形容词或心理动词后加 得很 / 极了 / 死了 表示程度很高. 热得很 = 非常热. 冷极了 = 极其冷. 累死了 = 累到极点 (口语, 有点夸张). 极了 / 死了 直接跟在形容词后; 得很 用 得 连接. 这是三级的程度表达, 比二级的"很 / 非常"更强.
Adding 得很 / 极了 / 死了 after an adjective or psych-verb marks a VERY high degree. 热得很 = very hot. 冷极了 = extremely cold. 累死了 = dead tired (colloquial, hyperbolic). 极了 / 死了 attach directly; 得很 links with 得. Stronger than Band 2's 很 / 非常.
- 飞机上热得很. Fēijī shàng rè de hěn. It's very hot on the plane.
- 我累极了. Wǒ lèi jí le. I'm extremely tired.
- 大家高兴极了. Dàjiā gāoxìng jí le. Everyone was overjoyed.
- 我饿死了. Wǒ è sǐ le. I'm starving.
Ngữ pháp
动词 / 形容词短语作主语 (三43) Verb / adjective phrase as subject (三43)
上一课 (grammar-01) 说程度补语. 本课: 一个动作或一种状态也可以作主语. 坐飞机很累 (坐飞机 = 主语). 太冷了不好 (太冷了 = 主语). 等很长时间不舒服. 主语不再只是名词或代词 — 这是三级句法的扩展.
Grammar-01 covered degree complements. Here: an action or a state can serve as the SUBJECT. 坐飞机很累 (Flying is tiring — 坐飞机 is the subject). 太冷了不好 (Too cold is no good). 等很长时间不舒服 (Waiting a long time is uncomfortable). Subjects are no longer only nouns/pronouns — a Band 3 extension.
- 坐飞机很累. Zuò fēijī hěn lèi. Flying is tiring.
- 等很长时间不舒服. Děng hěn cháng shíjiān bù shūfu. Waiting a long time is uncomfortable.
- 太冷了不好, 太热了也不好. Tài lěng le bù hǎo, tài rè le yě bù hǎo. Too cold is bad, too hot is bad too.
- 慢慢走比较安全. Mànman zǒu bǐjiào ānquán. Walking slowly is safer.
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