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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 2 · Chapter 13
离这儿不远 It's not far from here
Two grammar lessons: the formal 离 lesson (introduced as vocab in ch6 / ch8 — distance preposition: A 离 B + adj/distance) and a light intro to (在)…以前 / 以后 (time-relative phrases — ch15 has the full lesson).
บทสนทนา
离这儿不远 — It's not far from here
- 周雨 张天, 那家店离这儿远吗? Zhang Tian, is that place far from here?
- 张天 不远. 大约离这儿不到一公里. Not far. Roughly less than a kilometer.
- 周雨 那很近. 我们走过去吗? That's close. Should we walk?
- 张天 行. 大概十分钟就到. OK. Roughly ten minutes and we're there.
- 周雨 好, 出发! Good, let's go!
บทสนทนา
出发以前 — Before setting off
- 张天 周雨, 你准备好了吗? Zhou Yu, are you ready?
- 周雨 差不多. 出发以前我要看一下. Almost. Before we leave I want to check.
- 张天 好. 你不要大声说话, 高文还在睡觉. OK. Don't talk loudly — Gao Wen is still sleeping.
- 周雨 不好意思, 我安静一些. Sorry, I'll be quieter.
- 张天 没关系. 我们到大门外见. No problem. See you at the front gate.
บทสนทนา
不客气 — You're welcome
- 周雨 张天, 你帮我准备了很多东西, 谢谢! Zhang Tian, you helped me prepare a lot of things, thanks!
- 张天 不客气. 我们是朋友. You're welcome. We're friends.
- 周雨 你太客气了. You're too kind.
- 张天 不用客气. 我们明天出发, 准备好了吗? No need to be polite. We set off tomorrow — are you ready?
- 周雨 准备好了! All ready!
คำศัพท์
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 远 | yuǎn | adj. | far (revisit ch6) |
| 近 | jìn | adj. | near; close (revisit ch6) |
| 离 | lí | prep. | distance from — A 离 B + adj/distance (revisit ch6 / ch8; formal lesson here) |
| 大约 | dàyuē | adv. | about; approximately |
| 大概 | dàgài | adv. | roughly; probably |
| 大门 | dàmén | n. | front gate; main entrance |
| 大小 | dàxiǎo | n. | size (Level 1 大/小 combined into a compound noun) |
| 大声 | dàshēng | adv. | loudly (pair with 安静) |
| 安静 | ānjìng | adj. | quiet; peaceful (revisit ch5) |
| 客气 | kèqi | adj. | polite; courteous |
| 不客气 | bú kèqi | exp. | you're welcome (response to 谢谢) |
| 准备 | zhǔnbèi | v. | prepare; get ready (sets up ch14-15 departure) |
อักษรใหม่
| 汉字 | พินอิน | ชนิดคำ | ความหมาย |
|---|---|---|---|
| 约 | yuē | about; appointment (in 大约) 大约 dàyuē — about; approximately | |
| 概 | gài | general; outline (in 大概) 大概 dàgài — roughly; probably | |
| 钟 | zhōng | (in 分钟 = minute) 分钟 fēnzhōng — minute | |
| 声 | shēng | (in 大声 = loudly (pair with 安静)) 大声 dàshēng — loudly (pair with 安静) |
อักษรจีน — เขียนและจดจำ
yuǎn far (revisit ch6; promoted to writing focus here as 离 lesson formalises) เขียน
jìn near; close (revisit ch6) เขียน
lí distance from (revisit ch6/ch8; formal lesson here) เขียน
bèi prepare (in 准备 — chapter departure-prep anchor) เขียน
备 originally meant "complete / fully equipped". Modern: "prepare / get ready" — 准备 (prepare), 准备好 (be ready), 不备 (unprepared). The chapter anchors this for ch14-15's departure scenarios.
zhǔn standard; (in 准备 = prepare); accurate จดจำ
dà big (Level 1 revisit; 6 chapter compounds use 大: 大约 / 大概 / 大门 / 大小 / 大声) จดจำ
yuē about; appointment (in 大约) จดจำ
gài general; outline (in 大概) จดจำ
Phono-semantic compound: 木 (wood) radical + 既 (jì, phonetic). Original sense: "a wooden tool for leveling grain in a measure" → "to roughly equalize / approximate". Modern: "approximate / general / outline" — 大概 (roughly / probably), 概念 (concept), 概括 (summarize / generalize). The 概 character is rare standalone but extremely common as a compound component.
ān peaceful (revisit ch5; in 安静 here) จดจำ
jìng quiet (revisit ch5; in 安静 here) จดจำ
ไวยากรณ์
A 离 B + 形容词 / 距离 — distance between two places A 离 B + adj/distance — describing how far apart two places are
"离"是描述两个地点距离的介词. 句式: A 离 B + 形容词 (远 / 近) 或者 A 离 B + 数量(具体距离). 注意: (1) "离"后面不接动词——"离北京远"对, "离北京去"错. (2) 跟 ch8 的"从"完全不同——"从"是动态(从X来), "离"是静态(离X远). 同样翻译"from", 但在中文里区别明显. (3) 表达粗略距离时常用"大约 / 大概"修饰: "大约离这儿一公里".
离 is a static-distance preposition: A 离 B + adj/distance describes how far apart A and B are. Two patterns: (1) A 离 B + adj — adjectival distance: 这儿离机场远 ("here is far from the airport"). (2) A 离 B + numeric distance: 这儿离机场一公里 ("here is 1km from the airport"). KEY pattern rule: 离 NEVER takes a verb. 离北京远 (correct) vs 离北京去 (wrong). KEY contrast with ch8's 从: 从 is DYNAMIC origin (从北京来 = "come from Beijing"); 离 is STATIC distance (离北京远 = "far from Beijing"). Both translate "from" in English; Chinese keeps them strictly separate. Pair with 大约 / 大概 for approximation: 大约离这儿一公里 ("roughly 1km from here").
- 机场离这儿不远. Jīchǎng lí zhèr bù yuǎn. The airport's not far from here.
- 我家离学校很近. Wǒ jiā lí xuéxiào hěn jìn. My place is very close to the school.
- 大约离这儿不到一公里. Dàyuē lí zhèr bú dào yì gōnglǐ. Roughly less than a kilometer from here.
- 北京离上海大概一千多公里. Běijīng lí Shànghǎi dàgài yì qiān duō gōnglǐ. Beijing is about 1000+ kilometers from Shanghai.
ไวยากรณ์
(在)…以前 / 以后 — "before" and "after" (light intro) (在)…以前 / 以后 — light intro (full lesson in ch15)
"以前"和"以后"是"时间相对于某事件"的表达——一个事情发生的前 / 后. 句式: (在)+事件+以前/以后. 例: "出发以前要准备", "回家以后我们见面". 这一课只学基本用法, ch15 会全面学这个家族(以前 / 以后 / 前 / 后 + 表达独立的"以前 / 以后"= long ago / from now on). 注意: 不要跟 ch7 的"前面 / 后面"混淆——那是空间, 这是时间.
以前 ("before") and 以后 ("after") express time relative to an event. The pattern is: (在) + event + 以前 / 以后. Example: 出发以前要准备 = "Before setting off, you have to get ready". 回家以后我们见面 = "After getting home, we'll meet up". This chapter teaches the basic use; ch15 covers the full family (以前 / 以后 / 前 / 后, plus the standalone uses 以前 = "long ago", 以后 = "from now on"). KEY contrast: don't confuse 以前 / 以后 (TIME relative to an event) with ch7's 前面 / 后面 (SPATIAL — in front / behind). Same characters in different combinations; different dimensions.
- 出发以前要准备. Chūfā yǐqián yào zhǔnbèi. We need to get ready before setting off.
- 回家以后我们见面. Huí jiā yǐhòu wǒmen jiàn miàn. We'll meet up after we get home.
- 吃饭以后, 我们走过去. Chī fàn yǐhòu, wǒmen zǒu guò qù. After eating, we'll walk over.
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