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Study in the app →Mandarin Chinese · HSK 3.0 Band 3 · Chapter 17
谈家人 Talking about family
Discussing family. Teaches V + 得 + adj (manner / extent complement) and pairs with V + 得 + 不 + adj (negative manner).
Hội thoại
你爸爸做什么工作? — What does your dad do?
- 王明 上次一家人一起吃饭很高兴. 你爸爸做什么工作? Last time the whole family ate together — it was lovely. What does your dad do?
- 林雪 他是工程师, 工作得很认真. He is an engineer, and he works very seriously.
- 王明 妈妈呢? And mom?
- 林雪 妈妈是老师, 说话说得很清楚. Mom is a teacher; she speaks very clearly.
- 王明 你呢? 你写得快吗? And you? Do you write fast?
- 林雪 写得不快, 但读得流利. I don't write fast, but I read fluently.
Hội thoại
姐姐唱得很好 — Older sister sings well
- 林雪 我姐姐性格热情, 唱歌唱得很好. My sister is warm — she sings very well.
- 王明 弟弟性格怎么样? And your brother's personality?
- 林雪 他比较安静, 但跑得真快. He is rather quiet, but he runs really fast.
- 王明 你说得自然, 我能想到一家人. You speak naturally — I can picture the whole family.
- 林雪 我爷爷退休了, 现在跑得不快了. My grandpa is retired — he does not run fast now.
- 王明 没关系, 退休了应该慢慢走. That's fine — retired people should walk slowly.
Từ vựng
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 家人 | jiārén | n. | family member(s) (recall Bk2) |
| 工作 | gōngzuò | n. | work; job (recall Bk1) |
| 工程师 | gōngchéngshī | n. | engineer |
| 退休 | tuìxiū | v. | retire |
| 性格 | xìnggé | n. | personality; character |
| 高 | gāo | adj. | tall; high (recall Bk1) |
| 安静 | ānjìng | adj. | quiet (recall ch07) |
| 热情 | rèqíng | adj. | warm; enthusiastic (recall ch12) |
| 说话 | shuōhuà | v. | speak; talk (recall Bk1) |
| 跑 | pǎo | v. | run (recall Bk1) |
| 唱 | chàng | v. | sing (recall Bk1) |
| 清楚 | qīngchu | adv. | clearly; clear (recall Bk2) |
| 流利 | liúlì | adv. | fluent(ly) |
| 认真 | rènzhēn | adv. | serious(ly); careful(ly) (recall Bk2) |
| 自然 | zìrán | adv. | natural(ly) (recall Bk2) |
| 林雪 | Lín Xuě | pn. | Lin Xue (persona — recall ch01) |
| 王明 | Wáng Míng | pn. | Wang Ming (persona — recall ch01) |
Chữ mới
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| 程 | chéng | measure; -er (in 工程师) 工程师 gōngchéngshī — engineer | |
| 楚 | chu | (in 清楚 = clearly; clear (recall Bk2)) 清楚 qīngchu — clearly; clear (recall Bk2) | |
| 流 | liú | (in 流利 = fluent(ly)) 流利 liúlì — fluent(ly) | |
| 格 | gé | style; pattern (in 性格) 性格 xìnggé — personality; character价格 jiàgé — price | |
| 退 | tuì | retreat; retire (in 退休) 退休 tuìxiū — retire |
Chữ Hán — viết & nhận biết
de particle for manner complement (recall Bk1) Viết
xìng nature; -ity (in 性格) Viết
gé style; pattern (in 性格) Nhận biết
tuì retreat; retire (in 退休) Nhận biết
chéng measure; -er (in 工程师) Nhận biết
Ngữ pháp
主谓谓语句 (三53) Subject-predicate predicate sentence (三53)
一个句子的谓语本身又是一个"主谓结构". 句子先有一个大主语 (话题), 后面跟"小主语 + 谓语"来说明它. 我家人都很好 (我家人 = 话题; 都很好 = 主谓). 这件衣服颜色很好看 (这件衣服 = 话题; 颜色很好看 = 主谓). 三级常用来描述人或物的某个方面.
The predicate of a sentence is itself a "subject + predicate". The sentence opens with a big subject (the topic), then a "small subject + predicate" comments on it. 我家人都很好 (topic 我家人; comment 都很好). 这件衣服颜色很好看 (topic; 颜色很好看). Common in Band 3 to describe one aspect of a person/thing.
- 我家人都很好. Wǒ jiārén dōu hěn hǎo. My family are all well.
- 这件衣服颜色很好看. Zhè jiàn yīfu yánsè hěn hǎokàn. This piece of clothing has a lovely colour.
- 那本书我没看过. Nà běn shū wǒ méi kàn guo. That book — I haven't read it.
- 爷爷身体很好. Yéye shēntǐ hěn hǎo. Grandpa is in good health.
Ngữ pháp
重动词 — 动词 + 宾语 + 动词 + 补语 (三59) Verb-copying: V + object + V + complement (三59)
上一课 (grammar-01) 用主谓作谓语. 本课: 当一个动词既带宾语又要带补语时, 要把动词重复一次. 他做饭做得很好 (做饭 + 做得很好). 她说中文说得很流利. 第一个"做饭"带宾语, 第二个"做"带补语. 不能说"他做饭得很好".
Grammar-01 used a clause as predicate. Here: when a verb has BOTH an object AND a complement, the verb is COPIED. 他做饭做得很好 (做饭 + 做得很好). 她说中文说得很流利. The first 做饭 carries the object; the second 做 carries the complement. You cannot say 他做饭得很好.
- 他做饭做得很好. Tā zuò fàn zuò de hěn hǎo. He cooks very well.
- 她说中文说得很流利. Tā shuō Zhōngwén shuō de hěn liúlì. She speaks Chinese fluently.
- 我打球打得不太好. Wǒ dǎ qiú dǎ de bú tài hǎo. I don't play ball very well.
- 他走路走得很快. Tā zǒu lù zǒu de hěn kuài. He walks very fast.
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