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Study in the app →Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 20
อาหาร A comida
Comida e sabor. Comida: เนื้อ, ไก่, ปลา, ผัก, ไข่, ผลไม้. O ponto-chave: o ADJETIVO vai "DEPOIS" do substantivo — "ปลาอร่อย" (peixe-delicioso = o peixe está delicioso), não "อร่อยปลา". E não se usa "เป็น" antes de um adjetivo: "ผมหิว" (tenho fome), "อาหารเผ็ด" (comida picante). Os anglófonos põem muitas vezes o adjetivo à frente ("อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓). Palavras novas: เนื้อ, ไก่, ปลา, ผัก, ไข่, ผลไม้, อร่อย, เผ็ด, หิว, อิ่ม. Canto cultural: Comer à tailandesa — pratos partilhados, garfo-e-colher, e "เผ็ดไหม" (picante?).
Dialogue
อร่อยปลา? ปลาอร่อย?
- Somchai เจมส์ อาหารนี้เป็นยังไงบ้าง James, que tal esta comida?
- James อร่อยปลา! Delicioso peixe! (deslize: o adjetivo vai depois do substantivo — diz "ปลาอร่อย")
- Somchai คำคุณศัพท์อยู่หลังครับ — "ปลาอร่อย" O adjetivo vai depois — "ปลาอร่อย".
- James อ๋อ ปลาอร่อย! ผักก็อร่อย ผมหิวมาก Ah, o peixe está delicioso! Os legumes também. Tenho muita fome.
Dialogue
อร่อยมาก! — Que delícia!
- Malee สมชาย หิวไหมคะ Somchai, tens fome?
- Somchai หิวครับ เรากินอะไรดี Sim. O que comemos?
- Malee ร้านนี้มีก๋วยเตี๋ยวกับข้าวผัด ทั้งสองอย่างอร่อย Este local tem macarrão e arroz frito. Ambos deliciosos.
- Somchai ผมกินก๋วยเตี๋ยว ปลาที่นี่อร่อยมาก Eu como macarrão. O peixe aqui é muito delicioso.
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| เนื้อ | nʉ́ʉa | n. | carne |
| ไก่ | gài | n. | frango |
| ปลา | bplaa | n. | peixe |
| ผัก | phàk | n. | legume |
| ไข่ | khài | n. | ovo |
| ผลไม้ | phǒn-lá-máai | n. | fruta |
| อร่อย | à-ràuy | adj. | delicioso (após o substantivo) |
| เผ็ด | phèt | adj. | picante |
| หิว | hǐw | adj. | com fome |
| อิ่ม | ìm | adj. | cheio |
Grammar
คำคุณศัพท์หลังคำนาม (ไม่มี "เป็น") Adjetivo depois do substantivo (sem "เป็น")
ในภาษาไทย คำคุณศัพท์อยู่ "หลัง" คำนามที่มันขยาย: "ปลาอร่อย" (fish delicious = ปลาอร่อย), "อาหารเผ็ด" (spicy food), "ผลไม้หวาน" ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษมักวางคำคุณศัพท์ไว้หน้าแบบ "delicious fish" → "อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓ และเมื่อคำคุณศัพท์เป็นภาคแสดง ไม่ต้องมี "เป็น": "ปลาอร่อย" (the fish is delicious), "ผมหิว" (I'm hungry) เติม "มาก" (very) ท้าย: "อร่อยมาก" ถามความรู้สึก: "หิวไหม" — "หิว / อิ่มแล้ว"
Em tailandês, o ADJETIVO vem "DEPOIS" do substantivo que descreve: "ปลาอร่อย" (peixe delicioso = ปลาอร่อย), "อาหารเผ็ด" (comida picante), "ผลไม้หวาน" (fruta doce). Os anglófonos põem muitas vezes o adjetivo à frente como "delicious fish" → "อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓. E quando o adjetivo é o predicado, não precisas de "เป็น": "ปลาอร่อย" (o peixe está delicioso), "ผมหิว" (tenho fome). Acrescenta "มาก" (muito) no fim: "อร่อยมาก". Pergunta a sensação: "หิวไหม" — "หิว / อิ่มแล้ว".
- อาหารนี้อร่อยมาก aa-hǎan níi à-ràuy mâak Esta comida está muito deliciosa.
- ผมหิว ผมกินข้าว phǒm hǐw, phǒm gin khâao Tenho fome. Como arroz.
- ปลาอร่อย ผักก็อร่อย bplaa à-ràuy, phàk gâaw à-ràuy O peixe está delicioso, os legumes também.
- อาหารเผ็ดไหม — เผ็ดนิดหน่อย aa-hǎan phèt mái — phèt nít-nàuy A comida é picante? — Um pouco picante.
Culture
กินแบบไทย: จานกลาง ช้อนส้อม และ "เผ็ดไหม" Comer à tailandesa: pratos partilhados, garfo-e-colher, e "เผ็ดไหม"
A comida é o coração da sociedade tailandesa. Os tailandeses comem arroz juntos, partilham vários pratos, usam garfo e colher e perguntam-se muitas vezes "เผ็ดไหม" (é picante?). Comer é uma questão de partilha e generosidade.
Pratos partilhados no centro
At home or in a restaurant, several dishes — fish, chicken, stir-fries, curries — are placed in the middle of the table for everyone to share. Each person has their own plate of steamed rice and spoons a little of each dish onto the rice, a bit at a time, not a big pile at once. Ordering several dishes to share is normal and better than one plate each. The more people, the more variety you can order.
Garfo e colher
Most Thai food is eaten with a fork and spoon, not chopsticks. Hold the spoon in your right hand, the fork in your left. The spoon is the main tool — you bring it to your mouth; the fork only pushes food onto the spoon and does not go into your mouth. Chopsticks are used only for ก๋วยเตี๋ยว (noodle dishes). A knife is almost never used, because the food is already cut into bite-size pieces.
"É picante?"
Thai food is famous for its heat. Vendors often ask "เผ็ดไหม" (spicy?) or "how spicy do you want it?". You can answer "ไม่เผ็ด" (not spicy), "เผ็ดน้อย" (a little spicy), or "เผ็ดมาก" (very spicy). If you are not used to chilli, it is safer to say "เผ็ดน้อยนะ" first. On the table there are usually condiments — fish sauce, chilli, sugar, vinegar — to adjust the taste yourself. Thai people love to see a guest eat their fill and be happy. When you are full, say "อิ่มแล้ว ขอบคุณ" (I'm full, thank you) with a smile.
Em resumo: partilha os pratos do centro, come com garfo e colher, e não tenhas medo de dizer "pouco picante". Comer à tailandesa é partilha e calor. Bom apetite — vamos comer!
tone
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