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Study in the app →Thai · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 20
อาหาร Đồ ăn
Đồ ăn và mùi vị. Đồ ăn: เนื้อ, ไก่, ปลา, ผัก, ไข่, ผลไม้. Điểm chính: TÍNH TỪ đứng "SAU" danh từ — "ปลาอร่อย" (cá-ngon = cá ngon), không phải "อร่อยปลา". Và không dùng "เป็น" trước tính từ: "ผมหิว" (tôi đói), "อาหารเผ็ด" (món cay). Người nói tiếng Anh hay đặt tính từ trước ("อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓). Từ mới: เนื้อ, ไก่, ปลา, ผัก, ไข่, ผลไม้, อร่อย, เผ็ด, หิว, อิ่ม. Góc văn hóa: Ăn kiểu Thái — món dùng chung, nĩa-thìa, và "เผ็ดไหม" (cay không?).
Hội thoại
อร่อยปลา? ปลาอร่อย?
- Somchai เจมส์ อาหารนี้เป็นยังไงบ้าง James, món này thế nào?
- James อร่อยปลา! Ngon cá! (slip: tính từ đứng sau danh từ — nói "ปลาอร่อย")
- Somchai คำคุณศัพท์อยู่หลังครับ — "ปลาอร่อย" Tính từ đứng sau — "ปลาอร่อย".
- James อ๋อ ปลาอร่อย! ผักก็อร่อย ผมหิวมาก À, cá ngon! Rau cũng ngon. Tôi đói lắm.
Hội thoại
อร่อยมาก! — Ngon quá!
- Malee สมชาย หิวไหมคะ Somchai, đói không?
- Somchai หิวครับ เรากินอะไรดี Đói. Chúng ta ăn gì?
- Malee ร้านนี้มีก๋วยเตี๋ยวกับข้าวผัด ทั้งสองอย่างอร่อย Quán này có hủ tiếu và cơm chiên. Cả hai đều ngon.
- Somchai ผมกินก๋วยเตี๋ยว ปลาที่นี่อร่อยมาก Tôi ăn hủ tiếu. Cá ở đây rất ngon.
Từ vựng
| 汉字 | Pinyin | Từ loại | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|---|
| เนื้อ | nʉ́ʉa | n. | thịt, thịt bò |
| ไก่ | gài | n. | gà |
| ปลา | bplaa | n. | cá |
| ผัก | phàk | n. | rau |
| ไข่ | khài | n. | trứng |
| ผลไม้ | phǒn-lá-máai | n. | trái cây |
| อร่อย | à-ràuy | adj. | ngon (sau danh từ) |
| เผ็ด | phèt | adj. | cay |
| หิว | hǐw | adj. | đói |
| อิ่ม | ìm | adj. | no |
Ngữ pháp
คำคุณศัพท์หลังคำนาม (ไม่มี "เป็น") Tính từ sau danh từ (không "เป็น")
ในภาษาไทย คำคุณศัพท์อยู่ "หลัง" คำนามที่มันขยาย: "ปลาอร่อย" (fish delicious = ปลาอร่อย), "อาหารเผ็ด" (spicy food), "ผลไม้หวาน" ผู้พูดภาษาอังกฤษมักวางคำคุณศัพท์ไว้หน้าแบบ "delicious fish" → "อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓ และเมื่อคำคุณศัพท์เป็นภาคแสดง ไม่ต้องมี "เป็น": "ปลาอร่อย" (the fish is delicious), "ผมหิว" (I'm hungry) เติม "มาก" (very) ท้าย: "อร่อยมาก" ถามความรู้สึก: "หิวไหม" — "หิว / อิ่มแล้ว"
Trong tiếng Thái, TÍNH TỪ đứng "SAU" danh từ nó mô tả: "ปลาอร่อย" (cá ngon = ปลาอร่อย), "อาหารเผ็ด" (món cay), "ผลไม้หวาน" (trái cây ngọt). Người nói tiếng Anh hay đặt tính từ trước như "delicious fish" → "อร่อยปลา" ✗ → "ปลาอร่อย" ✓. Và khi tính từ làm vị ngữ, không cần "เป็น": "ปลาอร่อย" (cá ngon), "ผมหิว" (tôi đói). Thêm "มาก" (rất) ở cuối: "อร่อยมาก". Hỏi cảm giác: "หิวไหม" — "หิว / อิ่มแล้ว".
- อาหารนี้อร่อยมาก aa-hǎan níi à-ràuy mâak Món này rất ngon.
- ผมหิว ผมกินข้าว phǒm hǐw, phǒm gin khâao Tôi đói. Tôi ăn cơm.
- ปลาอร่อย ผักก็อร่อย bplaa à-ràuy, phàk gâaw à-ràuy Cá ngon, rau cũng ngon.
- อาหารเผ็ดไหม — เผ็ดนิดหน่อย aa-hǎan phèt mái — phèt nít-nàuy Món có cay không? — Cay một chút.
Văn hóa
กินแบบไทย: จานกลาง ช้อนส้อม และ "เผ็ดไหม" Ăn kiểu Thái: món dùng chung, nĩa-thìa, và "เผ็ดไหม"
Đồ ăn là trái tim của xã hội Thái. Người Thái ăn cơm cùng nhau, chia sẻ nhiều món, dùng nĩa và thìa, và thường hỏi nhau "เผ็ดไหม" (có cay không?). Ăn uống là chuyện của sự chia sẻ và hào phóng.
Món dùng chung giữa bàn
At home or in a restaurant, several dishes — fish, chicken, stir-fries, curries — are placed in the middle of the table for everyone to share. Each person has their own plate of steamed rice and spoons a little of each dish onto the rice, a bit at a time, not a big pile at once. Ordering several dishes to share is normal and better than one plate each. The more people, the more variety you can order.
Nĩa và thìa
Most Thai food is eaten with a fork and spoon, not chopsticks. Hold the spoon in your right hand, the fork in your left. The spoon is the main tool — you bring it to your mouth; the fork only pushes food onto the spoon and does not go into your mouth. Chopsticks are used only for ก๋วยเตี๋ยว (noodle dishes). A knife is almost never used, because the food is already cut into bite-size pieces.
"Cay không?"
Thai food is famous for its heat. Vendors often ask "เผ็ดไหม" (spicy?) or "how spicy do you want it?". You can answer "ไม่เผ็ด" (not spicy), "เผ็ดน้อย" (a little spicy), or "เผ็ดมาก" (very spicy). If you are not used to chilli, it is safer to say "เผ็ดน้อยนะ" first. On the table there are usually condiments — fish sauce, chilli, sugar, vinegar — to adjust the taste yourself. Thai people love to see a guest eat their fill and be happy. When you are full, say "อิ่มแล้ว ขอบคุณ" (I'm full, thank you) with a smile.
Tóm lại: chia món giữa bàn, ăn bằng nĩa và thìa, và đừng ngại nói "cay ít". Ăn kiểu Thái là chia sẻ và ấm áp. Chúc ngon miệng — cùng ăn nào!
tone
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