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Study in the app →English · CEFR Band 1 (A1) · Chapter 20
Food 食べ物
よくある食べ物と飲み物：rice, bread, meat, fruit, vegetables, water, milk, juice。要点は可算・不可算名詞。rice, bread, water のような食べ物は不可算 —「a」も複数もない。肯定文には SOME（I'd like some rice）、疑問・否定には ANY（Do you have any bread? I don't have any water）。また、お腹がすいた・のどが渇いたと言うとき英語は BE + 形容詞：I'm hungry, I'm thirsty。「delicious」は食べ物を表す：The food is delicious。新しい語：rice, bread, meat, fruit, vegetable, water, milk, juice, delicious, hungry。文化セクション：外食とチップ。
Dialogue
a rice or some rice? — a rice？ some rice？
- Emma Minsu, are you hungry? ミンス、お腹すいていますか？
- Minsu Yes. I want a rice. はい。ご飯が欲しいです。（間違い: rice は不可算 —「some rice」、「a」なし）
- Emma Rice is uncountable: some rice. rice は不可算：some rice。
- Minsu Oh, I'd like some rice and some water. あ、ご飯と水をください。
Dialogue
So delicious! — とてもおいしい！
- Jack Emma, what do you eat? エマ、何を食べますか？
- Emma I eat some meat and some vegetables. It's delicious. 肉と野菜を食べます。おいしいです。
- Jack And what do you drink? 何を飲みますか？
- Emma I drink some juice. Would you like some fruit? ジュースを飲みます。果物はいかがですか？
Vocabulary
| 汉字 | Pinyin | POS | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| rice | n. | 米、ご飯 | |
| bread | n. | パン | |
| meat | n. | 肉 | |
| fruit | n. | 果物 | |
| vegetable | n. | 野菜 | |
| water | n. | 水 | |
| milk | n. | 牛乳 | |
| juice | n. | ジュース | |
| delicious | adj. | とてもおいしい | |
| hungry | adj. | お腹がすいた |
Grammar
Some / any and "I'm hungry" some / any と「I'm hungry」
Some foods can be counted (an apple, two apples), but many cannot: rice, bread, water, milk, meat. These UNCOUNTABLE nouns take NO "a" and have NO plural — you cannot say "a rice" or "two rices". Instead, use SOME in positive sentences: I'd like some rice, some water. Use ANY in questions and negatives: Do you have any bread? I don't have any milk. Second point: to say you are hungry or thirsty, English uses BE + an adjective — I'm hungry, I'm thirsty (not "I have hunger"). And "delicious" describes food: The food is delicious.
ある食べ物は数えられる（an apple, two apples）が、多くは数えられない：rice, bread, water, milk, meat。これらの不可算名詞は「a」も複数もない —「a rice」や「two rices」とは言えない。代わりに肯定文には SOME：I'd like some rice, some water。疑問・否定には ANY：Do you have any bread? I don't have any milk。第二点：お腹がすいた・のどが渇いたと言うとき英語は BE + 形容詞 — I'm hungry, I'm thirsty（「I have hunger」ではない）。「delicious」は食べ物を表す：The food is delicious。
- I'm hungry. I'd like some rice and some bread. お腹がすきました。ご飯とパンをください。
- I'm thirsty. I drink some water. のどが渇きました。水を飲みます。
- The meat is delicious and the fruit is delicious. 肉がおいしくて、果物もおいしいです。
- Do you have any milk? — No, but I have some juice. 牛乳はありますか？ — いいえ、でもジュースはあります。
Culture
Eating out and tipping 外食とチップ
英語圏の国々で外食は生活の大きな部分です — そして訪問者を驚かせるいくつかの習慣が伴います、とりわけチップの習慣と絶え間ない「please」と「thank you」。
食事に出かける
From cafés and diners to takeaway and food trucks, eating out is casual and common. You often seat yourself in a café but wait to be seated in a nicer restaurant. A server takes your order, brings the food, and later brings the bill (in the US, the "check"). Portions can be large, and it is normal to take leftovers home in a box.
チップ
In the United States, tipping is expected, not optional: 15–20% of the bill for a server is normal, because their wages are low. In the UK, Australia and elsewhere it is more relaxed — often 10% or a service charge already added. When in doubt, look at the bill for "service included", and if it is not there and the service was good, leave a tip.
「please」と「thank you」
English speakers say "please" and "thank you" a lot — far more than seems necessary to many learners. "Can I have the menu, please?" sounds polite; "Give me the menu" sounds rude. Add "please" to requests and "thank you" to almost anything. A friendly "How are you?" from a server is small talk, not a real question — "Good, thanks, and you?" is the perfect reply.
まとめると：外食はカジュアルでフレンドリーですが、チップ（特に米国）を忘れず、「please」と「thank you」を散りばめて。サーバーへの温かい「Thank you, that was delicious!」はとても効果的です。召し上がれ！
pronunciation
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